{"id":22281,"date":"2015-10-14T11:27:17","date_gmt":"2015-10-14T11:27:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/waitesmith.org\/?p=22281"},"modified":"2016-04-25T02:06:49","modified_gmt":"2016-04-25T02:06:49","slug":"who-printed-the-key-to-the-tarot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/waitesmith.org\/index.php\/decks\/who-printed-the-key-to-the-tarot\/","title":{"rendered":"Who printed the Key to the Tarot?"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row row_type=”row” type=”full_width” text_align=”left” video=”” css_animation=””][vc_column][vc_column_text]I<\/span>n December of 1909\u00a0William Rider & Son, Ltd. (which was owned and operated by “son” at the time) published Waite’s\u00a0The Key to the Tarot<\/em>\u00a0for the first time. This was after Samuel Mather’s 1888\u00a0The Tarot<\/em>\u00a0and Waite’s various books under his previous\u00a0nom de plume<\/em> “The Grand Orient.” Over the years\u00a0William Rider & Son, Ltd. became Rider & Co., but the book title (and Waite’s new pen name) stayed the same. Four hardbound editions of\u00a0The Key to the Tarot<\/em> were published by Rider\u00a0before 1971 (when a new edition was published), and at least one softcover (circa 1940), and possibly one around 1910, but no such beast has been found as of yet. Below\u00a0is what we know about who printed what and when, when it comes to\u00a0the\u00a0KtT<\/em>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

This is important because it has been assumed in the tarot research community that the book printer was also the card printer, but we know that was certainly not the case with the 1909 prototype deck<\/a>. Card printing and book printing\/binding are two different specialties, and may be done by one print house, or more often, by print houses that specialize in certain areas. In our quest to figure out who actually printed the tarot cards themselves we naturally must start with who printed the books for Rider. Here are the known printers of\u00a0\u00a0the tarot instruction books from 1909 through 1939.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=”18px”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=”row” type=”full_width” text_align=”left” video=”” css_animation=””][vc_column width=”1\/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1460394798680{padding-top: 8px !important;}”]

<\/div><\/div>[vc_empty_space]
<\/a><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=”3\/4″][vc_column_text]The first\u00a0incarnation of the\u00a0KtT<\/em> was a small blue book with a\u00a0“blind stamped” front cover (debossed, but no ink) and a “gilt stamped” spine (debossed with gold ink). The printer credited was \u00a0William Rider & Son, Ltd. The book was 194 pages long and ended with a casually worded advertisement for\u00a0The Tarot of the Bohemians<\/em>, (re)published earlier that year by William Rider & Son, Ltd. The\u00a0TotB<\/em>\u00a0(or sometimes just\u00a0ToB<\/em>) was written by Papus. It had originally been published (in English for the first time) by George Redway, of London, in 1896. Wm. Rider & Son republished this book, subtitled\u00a0“Absolute Key to Occult Science”\u00a0<\/em>(which is where Waite got the name “The KEY to the Tarot”). Unsurprisingly, Arthur Edward Waite was listed as having written a preface (he also revised this book more to his personal<\/em> tastes in the process).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The\u00a0ToB<\/em>\u00a0was printed by Ballantyne, Hanson & Co. (Edinburg & London) and\u00a0is essential to the history of the Waite-Smith deck (and everything that came later) for so many reasons, but most obviously because this book was published\u00a0before<\/em> the\u00a0KtT\u00a0<\/em>or any deck(s) by Rider. It came first and without any warning that there would ever be a deck or a “Key to the Tarot,” except for\u00a0the fact that on the cover is the never-seen-before\u00a0Wheel of Fortune <\/em>“designed by Art\u00a0with line art by Pam”\u00a0<\/em>image in all of its glory. This image is unique as it reveals more “picture” than any other\u00a0WoF<\/em> image ever recorded. The margins are a bit wider and the clouds are spaced a bit further from the wheel, allowing a slightly more spacious feeling. Also, Pam’s signature is square and blocky. This is the only time anywhere that happens. This book came out in late fall of 1909 and gave us the first\u00a0hint that there was a tarot project underway; hiding as it were, in plain sight. As much as we do not know exactly whom it was that printed the 1909\u00a0KtT<\/em>, all signs point to an uncredited\u00a0Ballantyne, Hanson & Co. of Edinburg & London. It is remotely possible William Rider & Son of London completed the task, but given their fondness for working with established book printers and binderies this is a stretch of common sense.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=”row” type=”full_width” text_align=”left” video=”” css_animation=””][vc_column][vc_separator type=”normal” color=”#b39964″ border_style=”solid” up=”20″ down=”20″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=”row” type=”full_width” text_align=”left” video=”” css_animation=””][vc_column width=”3\/4″][vc_column_text]The 1910 version of the\u00a0KtT<\/em> is identical to the 1909 version, since they were released only three months apart, and almost certainly printed and bound at the same time. By all appearances it seems the copies ready December 10th were rushed out for the prototype deck: The spine text (title of the book) was stamped in gold, but the front cover (title and snake) were stamped but not in gold. By contrast, the copies ready in March were stamped in gold and had gilt top pages. Both editions have a date of 1910 on the title page, and both end on page 194. Additionally, William Rider & Son, Ltd. was credited on page 194 as the printer.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Given how uneconomical it would have been to hand-assemble the type for each page, and then print, cut, and bind\u00a050 or 100 books and then do the entire process again for\u00a0another 1,000 a few months later, it is almost certain that the 1909 and 1910 editions were printed and bound at the same time, with the cover stamping occurring at different times (the rushed prototype and the final product after). This is a wild assumption based on nothing in particular, other than attending print shop in high school (yeah, they still had that when I was a kid), designing (and binding) my own books and magazines in my 20’s and 30’s, and a lifetime of experience wasted in cottage industry retail and manufacturing businesses (I should have been a supermodel). I come to these conclusions based on basic business sense, but they are still “SWAGs,” so take that as you will.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Signs point to Ballantyne, Hanson & Co., as the printers of these (1909\/1910) editions but it could just as well be Butler & Tanner. The director of the B&T museum in Fromme sold me a book (on Butler &\u00a0Tanner) but after much questioning was unable to provide me with\u00a0any information on whether they ever printed books for Rider. Nonetheless, research continues as long as there are still children of the people who printed these books alive and living in the area.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/4″ css=”.vc_custom_1460394808499{padding-top: 8px !important;}”]

<\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=”row” type=”full_width” text_align=”left” video=”” css_animation=””][vc_column][vc_separator type=”normal” color=”#b39964″ border_style=”solid” up=”20″ down=”20″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=”row” type=”full_width” text_align=”left” video=”” css_animation=””][vc_column width=”1\/3″ css=”.vc_custom_1460403470878{padding-top: 8px !important;}”]
<\/a><\/div><\/div>[vc_empty_space height=”12px”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Click here to read much more about\u00a0these<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

In 1920 Rider & Co. published a new edition of the\u00a0KtT<\/em> they ingeniously\u00a0labeled “new edition”<\/span>. This edition had 212 pages, ending with an ominous warning of information hidden within a select number of cards that Waite dare not speak of. It really is the oldest magician’s trick in the book, and one employed by con-artists and seminar gurus the world over: “I suppose that I could<\/em>\u00a0reveal to you secrets that I am privy to (for free), but in so doing I would break the oath I have sworn to protect these\u00a0life-changing bits of essential information that I am lording over you” (or)<\/em><\/span>\u00a0“I\u00a0could<\/em> discuss such matters with you\u00a0if<\/em> you were a (paying) member of our secret club,” at which point the sales pitch would direct you to the pretty girl accepting “new member’s” applications (applications being in the form of a personal check or credit card). I am not outright calling shenanigans\u00a0on Waite, but having\u00a0invested my own lifetime into the study of religion, philosophy, and metaphysics I dislike the way he chose to end his opus. Nonetheless: published\u00a0with different bindings: sometimes silver, other times blue, and occasionally in a silvery-blue, the 1920 “new edition” of the\u00a0KtT<\/em> was proudly and expertly printed by Butler & Tanner, who almost certainly bound them as well. No<\/em> ouroboros, no<\/em>\u00a0gilt edges or<\/span>\u00a0stamps, and no<\/em> Leoine (or is it Leo-esque?)<\/em>\u00a0title\u00a0on the cover. Just a tidy “centered title” shoved up in the top left corner, with a conservative author credit counterbalancing it in the bottom-right. At least the spine text was gilt stamped, so all was not lost to minimalism.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=”row” type=”full_width” text_align=”left” video=”” css_animation=””][vc_column][vc_separator type=”normal” color=”#b39964″ border_style=”solid” up=”20″ down=”20″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=”row” type=”full_width” text_align=”left” video=”” css_animation=””][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]The 1931 publication\u00a0of the\u00a0Key to the Tarot<\/em>\u00a0came either as a flat gray paper covered hardback or a grayish blue textured cloth covered hardback. Both versions had the title\u00a0blind stamped on the spine but nothing on\u00a0the front or rear cover. These\u00a0Keys<\/em> came with “B” or “C” decks.\u00a0If I had to guess (and I do feel the need to after all of this research), this was the result of two separate print runs<\/strong>, both occurring at\u00a0Fisher, Knight, & Co., Ltd., Gainsborough Press, St. Albans.”\u00a0Given the trajectory from scalloped blue cloth with a gilt<\/span> stamped cover and spine text (1910, 1920) to a blue, or silver, blind<\/span> stamp cover and spine (1920), to this edition (1931), and then the last (below), I would have to say that the blue cloth 1931 edition came before the gray paper (1931) edition. The blue cloth edition came with a “C” deck while the gray paper covered\u00a0Key<\/em>\u00a0came with a “B” deck<\/span>. The next\u00a0Key<\/em> will come with a paper covered hardback, and always with a “B” deck. Sadly, this adds credibility to Saskia’s claim that the “C” came before the “B.” (Looks like I owe her five bucks.<\/em>)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Unlike the\u00a0Keys<\/em> from other printers, the work here is\u00a0shoddy and sloppy and it reflects poorly on the once mighty William Rider & Son, Ltd. The printing\u00a0alternates between\u00a0faint and “partially inked.” The quality of the\u00a0Keys<\/em> printed by\u00a0Fisher, Knight, & Co. make the cards look cheap and unprofessional; like a vending machine novelty instead of a tool used for professional divination or spiritual exploration.\u00a0This matches the drop in quality of the cards themselves, although it would not make any sense that\u00a0Fisher, Knight, & Co. printed the cards. If they did the ink saturation would be\u00a0anemic. It looks as if the cards were always printed by the same company (except for the 1909 prototype deck), but with different plates. The\u00a0Keys<\/em> however shifted companies with the job probably being awarded to the lowest bidder.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_gallery interval=”10″ images=”25003,25004,24994,24995,24999,24997,24998,24996,25002,25001,25000″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=”row” type=”full_width” text_align=”left” video=”” css_animation=””][vc_column][vc_separator type=”normal” color=”#b39964″ border_style=”solid” up=”20″ down=”20″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=”row” type=”full_width” text_align=”left” video=”” css_animation=””][vc_column width=”1\/3″ css=”.vc_custom_1460555419064{padding-top: 8px !important;}”][vc_gallery interval=”10″ images=”22421,22443,22442,22441,22440,22405,22429,22428,22427,22426,22425,22424,22423,22422,22420,22407,22406″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]In Nineteen (er . . . \u00a0something or others, mutter, mumble<\/em> YEAR!) Rider & Co. released their last hardcover version of the\u00a0KtT<\/em> until they reprinted it in 1972 (the hardcover edition). That 70’s version was also the size of a deck of cards, but did not fit in the box itself (they came with a\u00a0LWB<\/em> at that point).\u00a0But back to the 19(something) edition of the\u00a0KtT<\/em>, we can see (pictures on the right and also here<\/a>) that this was the least expensive, and most pedestrian, of all of the\u00a0Keys<\/em> ever put out by Rider. It was designed to come inside a red\u00a0box with a deck of cards (the “B” deck), and sold from (around) 1930-something to 1939. The quality of printing and binding is horrid by standards set (literally the gold standard<\/em>) in 1910 by William Rider & Son, Ltd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

F, K, et Cie.<\/em>\u00a0really boned this. The binding itself is passable, and the book “cloth” (paper) came in either dark gray or dark bluish gray (probably based on the print run), and also the spine text was printed cleanly (though not embossed). But the spine text was the\u00a0only<\/em> text printed cleanly in the entire book. The\u00a0lack of ink saturation on the typeface speaks of cheapness. This may be due to ink shortages in Britain in WWII and afterward, but newspapers were being printed, as well as magazines, money, and contracts, and those all had decent ink saturation; so perhaps the war cannot be blamed for this mess.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

These are far and away the most available\u00a0Keys<\/em> of the original Rider era. They are not easy to come by, but of the known\u00a0KtTs<\/em> in collections, libraries, and museums, this is the one most often seen, which\u00a0also<\/em> lends credence to Saskia’s assertion that the “B” deck that accompanied this book was the “last in line.” But who would erase dots on a sunflower, for no reason or gain, on purpose?[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=”row” type=”full_width” text_align=”left” video=”” css_animation=””][vc_column][vc_separator type=”normal” color=”#b39964″ border_style=”solid” down=”20″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_type=”row” type=”full_width” text_align=”left” video=”” css_animation=””][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

After the fact . . .<\/h2>\n

Following Rider’s introduction of\u00a0The Key to the Tarot<\/em> to the world, there were only every a few publications of this book, some with permission, most without. In 1971 Unicorn Bookshop ran off\u00a0100 copies, each one a special snowflake in “indie publishing” (see bottom of this page<\/a>).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Before that, University Books, Inc.<\/a>\u00a0published the most famous\u00a0Pictorial Key to the Tarot\u00a0<\/em>ever, one that has spawned countless clones, and set the stage for “full color” tarot books. Their work was pirated or copied with permission by several companies, but no actual credits ever seem to show up in print. At this point Kensington Publishing seems to own the rights to University Books’ works, but they are not returning any phone calls.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Original Pictorial<\/em> Key to the Tarot<\/em> printers\u00a0were credited as:<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. 1910\/1911: William Rider & Son, Ltd. Printers; gilt with gold cover and spine text, gold ouroborous<\/li>\n
  2. 1920: William Rider & Son, Ltd. Printers; spine text in gold, front cover debossed but inkless<\/li>\n
  3. 1922: Butler & Tanner “Second edition”; gold cover and spine text and black cover and spine text editions<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Later publishers of the\u00a0PKtT<\/em> are innumerable, but here is a list anyway, just for fun:<\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    • William Rider & Son, Ltd. (1910, 1920*)<\/li>\n
    • Rider & Co. (1922, 1931, 1939, 1971, 1972 . . .)<\/li>\n
    • de Laurence & Scott Company (1916: claims copyright 1916,\u00a0copyright 1918, republished 1920\u2019s through the 1960\u2019s)<\/li>\n
    • HarperCollins (1986)<\/li>\n
    • Penguin Random House (RHUK bought Rider & Co.)<\/li>\n
    • Unicorn Books (1971)<\/li>\n
    • University Books, Inc. (1960: claims copyright 1959, 1962, 1966, copyright 1987)<\/li>\n
    • Causeway Books (1973 through 2000 \u2013 reprint of University Books, Inc.\u2019s 1959 first edition )<\/li>\n
    • Samuel Weiser\u00a0(or) Red Wheel\/Weiser (1971 through 2008)<\/li>\n
    • Rudolph Steiner Publications (1971: claims copyright 1971)<\/li>\n
    • Harper & Row, Publishers (1980 \u2013 \u201creprint of the 1971 ed. by Steiner Publications\u201d)<\/li>\n
    • Citadel Press (1979 through 1995, also see University books)<\/li>\n
    • Waakirchen: Urania-Verlag (1978)<\/li>\n
    • U.S. Games Systems (1977 . . .)<\/li>\n
    • Barnes & Noble (1978 . . .)<\/li>\n
    • Dover Books (2005 \u2013 \u201cfrom the 1911 version\u201d)<\/li>\n
    • Axiom Publishing (2007)<\/li>\n
    • Createspace publisher #1 (2008)<\/li>\n
    • Createspace publisher #2 (2009)<\/li>\n
    • Createspace publisher #3 (2010)<\/li>\n
    • Createspace publisher #4 (2013)<\/li>\n
    • Createspace publisher #5 (2015)<\/li>\n
    • Paragon (1993)<\/li>\n
    • Martino Fine Books (2012 \u2013 reprint of University Books, Inc.\u2019s 1959\u00a0first edition)<\/li>\n
    • Lyle Stuart (1989 see Citadel Press, also Carol Publishing)<\/li>\n
    • Multimedia Publishing (1971, 1975)<\/li>\n
    • C Trade Paper (1989 \u2013 possibly Carol Publishing)<\/li>\n
    • Galahad Books (2000)<\/li>\n
    • Garber Communications (1986)<\/li>\n
    • David Westnedge, Ltd. (1996 through 2003)<\/li>\n
    • Blauvelt (1976)<\/li>\n
    • Cosimo Classics (2007)<\/li>\n
    • Dodo Press (2008)<\/li>\n
    • Kessinger Publishing, LLC (2003)<\/li>\n
    • Read Books (2013)<\/li>\n
    • France Press (2013)<\/li>\n
    • Literary Licensing, LLC (2014)<\/li>\n
    • Budge Press (2013)<\/li>\n
    • Forgotten Books (2008)<\/li>\n
    • Jazzybee Verlag (2013)<\/li>\n
    • Didactic Press (2013)<\/li>\n
    • Sun Publishing Co (1981)<\/li>\n
    • Amazon Digital Services, Inc. (2010)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      (* No copyright ever registered)<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Rider used several companies to print their books, and this is who they are<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24938,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[151],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-decks"],"yoast_head":"\nWho printed the Key to the Tarot? - House of White Tarot Museum & Research Library<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/waitesmith.org\/index.php\/decks\/who-printed-the-key-to-the-tarot\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Who printed the Key to the Tarot? - House of White Tarot Museum & Research Library\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rider used several companies to print their books, and this is who they are\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/waitesmith.org\/index.php\/decks\/who-printed-the-key-to-the-tarot\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"House of White Tarot Museum & Research Library\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-10-14T11:27:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-04-25T02:06:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/waitesmith.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/1910k1-min-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"822\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"510\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dusty White\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dusty White\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"14 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/waitesmith.org\/index.php\/decks\/who-printed-the-key-to-the-tarot\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/waitesmith.org\/index.php\/decks\/who-printed-the-key-to-the-tarot\/\",\"name\":\"Who printed the Key to the Tarot? 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